![]() Functional and structural neuroimaging studies have begun to explore the neuroscientific processes underlying these components. Recent empirical research, including practitioners' self-reports and experimental data, provides evidence supporting these mechanisms. In this article, we explore several components through which mindfulness meditation exerts its effects: (a) attention regulation, (b) body awareness, (c) emotion regulation (including reappraisal and exposure, extinction, and reconsolidation), and (d) change in perspective on the self. ![]() Although the number of publications in the field has sharply increased over the last two decades, there is a paucity of theoretical reviews that integrate the existing literature into a comprehensive theoretical framework. Mindfulness meditation has therefore increasingly been incorporated into psychotherapeutic interventions. grass, rocks etc.), must instantiateĬonscious experience and hence that disembodied minds lurk everywhere.Ĭultivation of mindfulness, the nonjudgmental awareness of experiences in the present moment, produces beneficial effects on well-being and ameliorates psychiatric and stress-related symptoms. Then, equating Q (x) to any putative AI program, I will show that conceding the ‘strong AI’ thesis for Q (crediting it with mental states andĬonsciousness) opens the door to a vicious form of panpsychism whereby all open systems, (e.g. In the paper, instead of seeking to develop Putnam’s claim that, “everything implementsĮvery finite state automata”, I will try to establish the weaker result that, “everything implements the specific machine In 1988) monograph, “Representation & Reality”, which if correct, has important implications for turing machine functionalism and Herein is a simple development of that originally presented in Putnam’s (Representation & Reality, Bradford Books, Cambridge #Hedonic calculus example seriesGenuine conscious mental states purely in virtue of carrying out a specific series of computations. The most cursory examination of the history of artificial intelligence highlights numerous egregious claims of its researchers,Įspecially in relation to a populist form of ‘strong’ computationalism which holds that any suitably programmed computer instantiates This is a first attempt to assemble a public data set of AI failures and is extremely valuable to AI Safety researchers. The authors suggest that both the frequency and the seriousness of future AI failures will steadily increase. In this paper, the authors present and analyze reported failures of artificially intelligent systems and extrapolate our analysis to future AIs. ![]() A single failure of a superintelligent system may cause a catastrophic event without a chance for recovery. For narrow AI Safety, failures are at the same, moderate level of criticality as in cybersecurity however, for general AI, failures have a fundamentally different impact. Every security system will eventually fail there is no such thing as a 100 per cent secure system.ĪI Safety can be improved based on ideas developed by cybersecurity experts. ![]() Unfortunately, such a level of performance is unachievable. The goal of cybersecurity is to reduce the number of successful attacks on the system the goal of AI Safety is to make sure zero attacks succeed in bypassing the safety mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to explain to readers how intelligent systems can fail and how artificial intelligence (AI) safety is different from cybersecurity. In catchphrases, I argue that utilitarianism cannot make adequate sense of the ways that human dignity, group rights, family first, and (surprisingly) self-sacrifice should determine the behaviour of smart machines. Drawing on norms salient in sub-Saharan ethics, I provide four reasons for thinking it would be immoral for automated systems governed by artificial intelligence to maximize utility. In this essay, I appeal to values that are characteristically African––but that will resonate with those from a variety of moral-philosophical traditions, particularly in the Global South––to cast doubt on a utilitarian approach. According to utilitarianism, which is a characteristically western conception of moral reason, machines should be programmed to do whatever they could in a given circumstance to produce in the long run the highest net balance of what is good for human beings minus what is bad for them. Insofar as artificial intelligence is to be used to guide automated systems in their interactions with humans, the dominant view is probably that it would be appropriate to programme them to maximize (expected) utility. ![]()
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