I used earlier versions of monolithic matched transistors over 40 years ago. Posted in Parts Tagged analog, discrete transistors, op-amp Post navigation He demonstrated it in use, and even goes as far as to show it running an audio power amplifier driving a small speaker.įor the dedicated student of op-amps, may we suggest further reading as we examine the first integrated circuit op-amp? Keen eyed readers will notice its flaws such as inevitably mismatched transistors and the lack of a current mirror in the long-tailed pair, but using those to find fault in a circuit built for learning is beside the point. It incorporates the feedback capacitor that would have been an external component on early op-amp chips, and it has a couple of variable resistors to adjust the bias. Looking at the circuit diagram it follows the classic op-amp with a long-tailed pair of NPN transistors driving a PNP gain stage and finally a complimentary emitter follower as an output buffer. ’s homemade op-amp using discrete components is thus a project of interest, implementing as it does a complete simple op-amp with five transistors. It’s tempting to treat an op-amp as a triangular black box in a circuit diagram, but understanding its operation gives an insight into analogue electronics that’s worth having. The humble op-amp can be configured into so many circuit building blocks that it has become an indispensable tool for designers. If we had to pick one part to crown as the universal component in the world of analogue electronics, it would have to be the operational amplifier.
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